Yang Lee , Suk Ho Lee

DOI:

Abstract

The purposes of this study were: 1) to assess the percent body fat and muscle strength, 2) to evaluate diet pattern and levels of physical activity, and 3) to find out the relationship among percent body fat, level of physical activity and diet pattern in six different gender and age groups from Hispanic American. A sample of 180 male and femaleaged from 6 to 75 years were recruited for this study. participantswere divided by gender and further divided by age (n=30 per group). Percent body fat was measured by 3 site skin fold thickness method. Handgrip strength was measured by a hand dynamometer (Lafayette, IN). Participants answered questionnaires in order to measure their physical activity level and pattern of fast food consumption. Results showed that percent body fat in the elderly female group (32.2%±5.7) was significantly higher than those in other age groups (p<.05). Handgrip strength in the elderly female group (19.5kg±5.5) was significantly lower than all other groups except youth female group (p<.05). In the elderly female group, 60% had not participated in physical activity or had just once in the previous three days. A negative correlation was found between the percent body fat and level of physical activity in all age groups. The results of this study indicate that the elderly Hispanic female had high percent body fat, low hand grip strength and low physical activity levelswhich might increase mortality.

Key Words

Diet, Physical Activity, Obesity, and Muscular Strength

Mar Magnusen , Yong Chae Rhee , Yu Kyoum Kim

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to expand the research of Matsuoka, Chelladurai, and Harada (2003) by investigating the influence of team identification and game satisfaction on sport spectator revisit intention in a Korean context. After conducting an extensive literature review, a structural model concerning the relationship between team identification, satisfaction, and revisit intention was determined to be an effective approach to fulfill the research purpose. Data were collected from the sixth round in four games of the "Anycall" Korean Basketball League (KBL). Using the convenience sampling method, a total of 290 game attendees responded to the instrument. After screening the data, 278 questionnaires were retained for use with the study. Structural equation modeling was used to test relations among team identification, game satisfaction, and revisit intention using AMOS 4.0. Both team identification and game satisfaction were found to have a positive impact The purpose of this study was to expand the research of Matsuoka, Chelladurai, and Harada (2003) by investigating the influence of team identification and game satisfaction on sport spectator revisit intention in a Korean context. After conducting an extensive literature review, a structural model concerning the relationship between team identification, satisfaction, and revisit intention was determined to be an effective approach to fulfill the research purpose. Data were collected from the sixth round in four games of the "Anycall" Korean Basketball League (KBL). Using the convenience sampling method, a total of 290 game attendees responded to the instrument. After screening the data, 278 questionnaires were retained for use with the study. Structural equation modeling was used to test relations among team identification, game satisfaction, and revisit intention using AMOS 4.0. Both team identification and game satisfaction were found to have a positive impact on revisit intention. A positive interaction effect between game satisfaction and team identification was also observed. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and future research directions are provided.

Key Words

team identification, satisfaction, sport consumer behavior, Korea, KBL

Hyung Il Kwon , Galen T. Trail

DOI:

Abstract

This study examined unplanned buying behavior of sport team licensed merchandise using the dual information processing system (heuristic and systematic) of Chaiken and colleagues (Chaiken, Giner-Sorolla, & Chen, 1996). Sport consumers are expected to experience positive or negative moods after they watch their team play. Participants (36 males and 24 females) were randomly assigned to three groups (positive outcome, control, and negative outcome) and positive and negative moods were induced with video clips of the games of the university football team. The results indicated that the participants in a positive mood state were able to recall less information about the licensed merchandise presented and were more likely to engage in unplanned buying behavior than ones in a negative mood state. Possible marketing implications and suggestions for future study were also discussed.

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Dae Taek Lee

DOI:

Abstract

Environmental stress during international competitions can limit athletic performance and air pollution is one of the major environmental factor deteriorating physical capacities. It has been proposed that air pollutants induce cardiovascular incidences by direct effects of pollutants on cardiovascular system, blood, and lung receptors as well as by indirect effects mediated through oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways. While particle characteristics such as size, shape and density, and airway morphology can influence a magnitude of inhaled particle deposition, breathing pattern determines air volume and flow rate of inspired air. In resting human, more than two thirds breathe thru only via nose, but it changes when exercising. The "Switching Point", referred to as a point at which ventilation occurs from nasal to oronasal breathing, has been estimated to be about 35 L/min of minute ventilation although wide variable by individuals and many factors. One defense mechanism against air pollutantsis the clearance of deposited particles.

Key Words

air pollutants, nasal breathing, oronasal breathing

Mi Ra Lee

DOI:

Abstract

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to contribute to the body of knowledge on the optimal exercise volume for reducing obesity indices in obese middle-aged Korean women. Methods: Studies reporting the effects of aerobic exercise on obesity indices were reviewed. Results: First, in the subjects with total obesity, the percentages of the studies demonstrating significant reductions in body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF) and waist circumference (WC) with the exercise volumes comparable to the currently recommended minimum exercise volume for health benefits (CRMV) were 64.7%, 68.6% and 77.8% respectively. Studies with the exercise volumes that were two times or more of the CRMV showed significant reductions in obesity indices. Studies with exercise volumes that were between the CRMV and double the CRMV showed mixed findings. Second, in the subjects with abdominal obesity, the percentages of the studies reporting significant reductions in BMI, %BF and WC with the exercise volumes comparable to the CRMV were 83.3%, 80.0% and 83.3% respectively. It is noteworthy, however, that the small number of the studies conducted might have led the low support rates. Even exercise volumes that were below the CRMV accrued significant reductions in all studies. Conclusions: The optimal exercise volume for significant reductions in obesity indices is implied to be as high as the CRMV in middle-aged Korean women with abdominal obesity. In the case of total obesity, the volume is implied to be higher than the CRMV but not as high as the volume that is two times of the CRMV. Additional research is required to confirm these implications.

Key Words

obesity, middle-aged women, aerobic exercise, obesity indices, exercise volume

Jin Kyung Park , Joon Ho Kim

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Abstract

Key Words

Seong Soo Chang

DOI:

Abstract

This study was conducted on the assumption that the ultimate goal of physical education is to pursue the whole man. And I considered ``self-actualization`` which is a part of this the whole man based on the body and reached the following conclusion. In this study, I didn`t mean that such perception had to be reversed and the body had to be stressed, but I tried to find a meaning by which the body that had been underestimated could be revaluated. In definition of physical education, I could arranged that it was a process of physical experiences being accumulated through interaction between the self and the environment. When the mind experienced the environment as a subject in the process of conducting education, the intermediate being is the body. Schopenhauer emphasized that ``the will``, not ``the mind`` had to intervene for a ``be sensed`` passive situation to achieve a transformation into active and voluntary movements like ``sensing.`` Accordingly, I could pick out a concept of ``the subject of body will`` by arrange his thoughts inductively. By arranged ideas of philosophers who thought the body as an object, the body was the center of all directions and had a will inside, so voluntary and free exercise was possible. Therefore, existence of the subject of body will is inevitable to achieve self-actualization. The concept that the body will becomes a subject is expected to bring a conceptual change that body-centered exercise activities can be made. Such a conceptual change can be the beginning to make students have a new awareness of the body in school physical education.

Key Words

Self actualization, body, the theory of physical education